2. python 命令
python 命令是通过交互模式调用 Python 解释器, 并将结果渲染在页面上的命令.
比如, 定义一个函数, 并运行.
.. python::
def fib(n):
if n == 1:
return n
if n == 2:
return n
return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
fib(10)
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> def fib(n):
... if n == 1:
... return n
... if n == 2:
... return n
... return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
...
>>> fib(10)
89
python 命令提供两种风格的渲染风格, 分别是 dark 和 light, 默认的渲染风格是 dark, 如果你想使用 light 风格的渲染方式, 可以使用 :theme: 参数来指定渲染风格.
.. python::
:theme: light
def fib(n):
if n == 1:
return n
if n == 2:
return n
return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
fib(10)
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> def fib(n):
... if n == 1:
... return n
... if n == 2:
... return n
... return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
...
>>> fib(10)
89
如果你想修改渲染的字体大小, 你可以使用 :font-size: 参数来指定.
.. python::
:theme: light
:font-size: 14px
def fib(n):
if n == 1:
return n
if n == 2:
return n
return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
fib(10)
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> def fib(n):
... if n == 1:
... return n
... if n == 2:
... return n
... return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
...
>>> fib(10)
89
如果你不喜欢 Python 解释器的启动信息, 你可以用 :hide-information: 参数.
.. python::
:hide-information:
def fib(n):
if n == 1:
return n
if n == 2:
return n
return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
fib(10)
$ python
>>> def fib(n):
... if n == 1:
... return n
... if n == 2:
... return n
... return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
...
>>> fib(10)
89
与 bash 命令类似, python 命令也提供 :overflow: 参数, 用于控制过长输出的渲染, 默认是添加横向滚动条, 如果你想让 python 命令自动换行, 可以将 :overflow: 的值设置成 wrap.
.. python::
print(' '.join(['gouliguojiashengsiyi'] * 10))
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print(' '.join(['gouliguojiashengsiyi'] * 10))
gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi
.. python::
:overflow: wrap
print(' '.join(['gouliguojiashengsiyi'] * 10))
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print(' '.join(['gouliguojiashengsiyi'] * 10))
gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi gouliguojiashengsiyi
同样的, python 命令也提供 :window-width: 和 :window-height: 参数, 可以设置控制台的大小.
.. python::
from os import get_terminal_size
get_terminal_size()
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from os import get_terminal_size
>>> get_terminal_size()
os.terminal_size(columns=80, lines=120)
.. python::
:window-height: 20
:window-width: 40
from os import get_terminal_size
get_terminal_size()
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from os import get_terminal_size
>>> get_terminal_size()
os.terminal_size(columns=40, lines=20)
python 命令会在所有交互都结束后自动执行 exit() 命令并退出, 当然, 你也可以显式调用 exit().
.. python::
for i in range(10):
print(i)
if i == 5:
exit()
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> for i in range(10):
... print(i)
... if i == 5:
... exit()
...
0
1
2
3
4
5
.. python::
import this
exit()
print('苟利国家生死以')
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
>>> exit()
python 命令也有超时机制, 默认是 30 秒, 如果你想修改这个值, 你可以通过 :timeout: 参数修改, 如果超时, 则超时后的内容均不会渲染.
.. python::
:timeout: 1
from time import sleep
print('begin')
sleep(100)
print('end')
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from time import sleep
>>> print('begin')
begin
>>> sleep(100)
print('end')
exit() # auto exit
python 命令也支持色彩.
.. python::
print('\033[1;33;1m字体变色, 但无背景色.\033[0m')
print('\033[1;44m字体不变色, 有背景色.\33[0m')
print('\033[1;32;45m字体有色, 且有背景色.\033[0m')
print('\033[0;32;45m字体有色, 且有背景色.\033[0m')
$ python
Python 3.9.17 (main, Jul 27 2023, 08:42:23)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print('\033[1;33;1m字体变色, 但无背景色.\033[0m')
字体变色, 但无背景色.
>>> print('\033[1;44m字体不变色, 有背景色.\33[0m')
字体不变色, 有背景色.
>>> print('\033[1;32;45m字体有色, 且有背景色.\033[0m')
字体有色, 且有背景色.
>>> print('\033[0;32;45m字体有色, 且有背景色.\033[0m')
字体有色, 且有背景色.
python 同样也支持 :setup: 和 :teardown: 参数.